Spain

To obtain a national visa for Spain, applicants must first prepare all required documents specific to their visa type, such as work, study, or residence. Next, schedule an appointment through the official online system, ensuring to confirm attendance as instructed.

During the appointment at the Spanish consulate, submit your application and any additional documents requested. The consulate may require further information or a personal interview. After submission, you will receive a receipt with a code to track your application’s status online.

Types of Visas in Spain

Spain offers various visa types to accommodate different purposes and durations of stay. Below is an overview of the national visas offered:

Spain’s culture and lifestyle are a celebration of connection—connection to heritage, community, and the simple joys of life. Whether you’re savoring tapas, dancing to flamenco, or marveling at the works of Spanish artists, you’ll feel the warmth and passion that define this incredible country.

Traditions and Celebrations

Spain is renowned for its vibrant festivals, each rooted in history and regional pride. One of the most famous is La Tomatina, a tomato-throwing extravaganza in Buñol that turns the streets into a colorful mess of laughter and fun. Another must-see is the Running of the Bulls during Pamplona’s San Fermín festival, a mix of adrenaline, tradition, and community spirit.

Religious celebrations are equally significant. Semana Santa (Holy Week) is a deeply spiritual event marked by elaborate processions across cities such as Seville and Málaga. The Flamenco Fair in Seville, or Feria de Abril, is a week-long celebration of music, dance, and traditional attire that showcases Andalusia’s cultural pride.

Spanish Cuisine

Spanish cuisine is more than just food; it’s a way of connecting with others. Tapas (small plates meant for sharing) are a quintessential part of Spanish dining. You can also enjoy dishes such as patatas bravas, jamón ibérico, and gambas al ajillo while sipping on a glass of locally produced Rioja or cava.

No visit to Spain is complete without trying paella, a saffron-infused rice dish from Valencia that celebrates the region’s coastal bounty. For a sweet treat, indulge in churros dipped in thick, rich chocolate. These are perfect for a late-night snack or a leisurely morning.

Spanish Music

The passion of flamenco music and dance is perhaps the most iconic representation of Spanish culture. Born in Andalusia, flamenco combines heartfelt singing, intricate guitar playing, and rhythmic clapping in a mesmerizing performance. Flamenco’s emotional depth captures the essence of Spain’s spirit—proud, soulful, and unapologetically expressive.

Beyond flamenco, Spain has made significant contributions to the global music scene. From classical composers such as Isaac Albéniz to modern pop icon Rosalía, the country’s musical heritage continues to blend tradition with innovation.

Spanish Sports

Spain’s love for sports is legendary. Soccer (fútbol) is more than a pastime; it’s a national obsession. The fierce rivalry between FC Barcelona and Real Madrid, known as El Clásico, showcases not only athleticism but also regional pride.

Beyond soccer, Spain excels in tennis, with champions such as Rafael Nadal inspiring fans worldwide. Basketball, cycling, and even bullfighting (though controversial) remain integral to the country’s sporting identity.

Spanish Art

Spain has long been a cradle for artistic talent. The works of Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí, and Francisco Goya have shaped the global art scene, each offering unique perspectives and styles.

The country itself feels like an open-air museum, with landmarks like the Alhambra in Granada and the Sagrada Família in Barcelona blending history and creativity. Museums such as Madrid’s Prado house masterpieces that span centuries and allow you to trace the evolution of Spanish art.

​In 2024, Spain’s economy grew by 3.2%, surpassing the eurozone average and outperforming major peers like France and Germany. This growth was driven by robust household consumption, bolstered by a 5% average wage increase and the creation of approximately 500,000 jobs, primarily benefiting immigrants.

The tourism sector also reached a record high, with 94 million international visitors. Inflation declined to 2.2% in March 2025, down from 2.9% the previous month, while the unemployment rate stood at 10.61% in January 2025. The Bank of Spain forecasts continued growth of 2.7% for 2025, indicating sustained economic resilience.

Top Companies in Spain

​As of early 2025, the top five companies in Spain by market capitalization are:​

1. Inditex: A global leader in fashion retail, Inditex operates brands such as Zara, Massimo Dutti, and Pull&Bear. Its market capitalization is approximately $159.95 billion.
2. Iberdrola: A multinational electric utility company, Iberdrola focuses on renewable energy and serves millions of customers worldwide. Its market capitalization stands at around $89.93 billion.
3. Banco Santander: One of the world’s largest financial institutions, Banco Santander offers a range of banking services across Europe and the Americas. Its market capitalization is about $73.71 billion.
4. Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA): A multinational financial services company, BBVA provides banking solutions primarily in Spain, Mexico, and South America. Its market capitalization is approximately $57.41 billion.
5. CaixaBank: A leading Spanish financial group, CaixaBank offers a variety of banking and insurance services. Its market capitalization is around $39.82 billion. ​

Cost of Living in Spain

According to Numbeo’s data as of January 2025, the cost of living in Spain is approximately 33.5% lower than in the United States, excluding rent. For a family of four, estimated monthly expenses are around $2,590.90 (€2,519.80) without rent, while a single person’s estimated monthly costs are approximately $733.70 (€713.60) without rent.

Rent prices in Spain are, on average, 48.4% lower than in the United States. These figures indicate that Spain offers a relatively affordable cost of living compared to the U.S., making it an attractive destination for expatriates and travelers.

Accommodations

Spain offers a diverse range of accommodations to suit various preferences and budgets, from luxurious hotels to budget-friendly hostels and private rentals.

La Residencia, A Belmond Hotel in Deia, Mallorca, offers a blend of rural charm and modern amenities, including spacious marble bathrooms and bespoke bath products. If you’re looking for an upscale yet down-to-earth experience, Four Seasons Resort Mallorca at Formentor features 110 rooms, a beach restaurant, spa, and unique beauty.

Looking for something that feels more like home? Airbnb offers a plenty of options across Spain that could cater to your taste and budget. You can find everything from chic apartments in Barcelona’s Gothic Quarter to a rustic villas in Andalusia or seaside cottages in Costa Brava.

For budget-conscious travelers or those seeking a social atmosphere, Spain has hundreds of hostels known for their quality and community vibe. Hostelworld list top-rated hostels that offer free Wi-Fi, communal kitchens, and organized tours.

For an extended stay or a more home-like environment, renting an apartment is a good choice. Booking.com and Homelike offer furnished apartments in various cities, providing amenities like kitchens and living spaces. This option is ideal for families, business travelers, or those planning to immerse themselves in a particular locale for a longer period.

As of December 23, 2024, the U.S. Department of State has issued a Level 2 Travel Advisory for Spain, advising travelers to exercise increased caution due to potential terrorism and civil unrest. Terrorist groups may target locations such as tourist areas, transportation hubs, markets, government facilities, hotels, restaurants, places of worship, parks, major events, educational institutions, and airports.

Demonstrations are common and can occur in response to political or economic issues, on significant holidays, or during international events. Travelers are encouraged to avoid demonstrations, remain vigilant in crowded areas, follow local authorities’ instructions, monitor local media for updates, and enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) for alerts and assistance.

Additionally, it’s important to be aware of pickpocketing in crowded places and keep your belongings secure. Avoid traveling alone at night and only use trusted transportation services such as taxis, buses, and ridesharing services.

Emergency Numbers and Departments

Here’s a list of emergency numbers in Spain. These numbers are free to call and available nationwide:

• 062: Civil Guard
• 112: General emergency number (Police, Fire, Ambulance)
• 091: National Police
• 092: Local Police
• 061: Medical Emergencies
• 080: Fire Department

Healthcare System and Local Hospitals

Spain’s healthcare system is known as the Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS). It’s a decentralized, tax-funded model providing universal coverage to all residents. Healthcare services are predominantly delivered through the public sector and are free at the point of care. The system comprises a network of health centers and local clinics that offer comprehensive services, including preventive care, diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation.

Spain’s top hospitals include:

• Hospital Universitario La Paz – Madrid
• Hospital Clínic de Barcelona – Barcelona
• Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón – Madrid
• Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron – Barcelona
• Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío – Seville

Health Precautions

Before traveling to Spain, make sure you’re up to date on routine vaccinations such as MMR, DTP, and polio. The CDC and WHO recommend additional vaccines like hepatitis A (especially if you plan to eat street food or stay in rural areas) and hepatitis B if you might receive medical treatment or have close contact with locals.

Spain has a high standard of healthcare, but it’s smart to purchase travel insurance that includes health coverage and emergency evacuation. Lastly, pack any prescription medications you need (along with a copy of the prescription) and check that they’re legal to bring into Spain.

Understanding the local legal framework and social norms in Spain will ensure a respectful and enjoyable experience. From its progressive stance on LGBTQ+ rights to strict rules on driving and alcohol consumption, here’s what you need to know before coming to Spain.

Drugs and alcohol

Spain takes a nuanced approach to drug laws. Possessing small amounts of drugs for personal use in private isn’t considered a criminal offense, but using or carrying them in public can get you fined. So while it’s not a jail-time situation, it’s still very much illegal out in the open.

When it comes to alcohol, Spain embraces social drinking, but with boundaries. The legal drinking age is 18, and although street drinking is common during festivals, many cities have cracked down on public alcohol consumption, especially in tourist-heavy areas. Violating these local ordinances can result in fines, so it’s best to enjoy your sangria on a terrace rather than a sidewalk.

Driving in Spain

Driving in Spain comes with a clear set of rules, and enforcement is no joke. Cars drive on the right, seatbelts are non-negotiable, and using your phone behind the wheel (unless it’s hands-free) is illegal. Roadside police checks are common, especially around holiday weekends.

The legal blood alcohol limit is 0.05% for most drivers, but if you’ve had your license for less than two years, or drive professionally, it drops to 0.03%. Speed limits are generally 120 km/h on highways, 90 km/h on rural roads, and 50 km/h in cities unless otherwise posted. Tickets can be pricey, and repeat violations may result in your license being suspended.

LGBTQ+ rights

Spain is one of the most progressive countries in the world regarding LGBTQ+ rights. Same-sex marriage has been legal since 2005, and anti-discrimination laws protect individuals based on sexual orientation and gender identity.

Public displays of affection are widely accepted, especially in urban areas and during events like Madrid Pride, one of the largest LGBTQ+ celebrations globally. However, in rural areas, attitudes may be slightly more conservative, so discretion is advised in some settings.

Religious rights and freedoms

Spain is officially a secular state, with the constitution guaranteeing freedom of religion. While the country has deep Catholic roots, today it supports a pluralistic society where people are free to practice (or not practice) any religion. You’ll find synagogues, mosques, and Protestant churches throughout major cities, alongside Catholic cathedrals and festivals.

You’re not required to adhere to any religious customs as a visitor, but respecting religious spaces and traditions is expected. Dress modestly when visiting churches or religious sites, and avoid interrupting religious services or events. During major Catholic holidays such as Semana Santa (Holy Week), processions take over city streets, so plan ahead and observe respectfully.

Constitutional protections

Spain’s 1978 Constitution lays out strong protections for individual rights and freedoms, including freedom of speech, equality before the law, and the right to peaceful assembly. These laws form the backbone of Spain’s modern democracy and its emphasis on inclusivity, personal liberty, and social cohesion.

Of course, that freedom comes with the expectation that everyone contributes to a respectful and fair society. Discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation is illegal, and hate speech laws are actively enforced.

Acceptable behavior and personal conduct

Spanish society values warmth, friendliness, and respect for others. A typical greeting might involve a handshake or even a kiss on both cheeks. Don’t be surprised if locals greet you this way once you’ve been introduced.

When dining, saying “buen provecho” (enjoy your meal) is a polite and appreciated gesture. Loud, disruptive behavior in public isn’t well received, especially near churches or in quieter neighborhoods. Littering, public urination, and vandalism are met with fines, so be mindful of your surroundings, as Spain takes cleanliness and respect for public spaces seriously.