Greenland, an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, is the world’s largest island, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. Known for its vast ice sheets, majestic glaciers, and unique Arctic wildlife, Greenland offers a captivating blend of natural beauty and rich indigenous culture. Despite its remote location, the island has become an increasingly popular destination for travelers and professionals seeking new experiences in one of the world’s most extraordinary environments.
Greenland at a Glance
| Region | Arctic North America |
|---|---|
| Population | 56,000 |
| Languages | Greenlandic (Kalaallisut), Danish |
| Capital | Nuuk |
| Currency | Danish Krone (DKK) |
| Neighboring Countries | Canada (closest), Iceland, Norway |
Table of Contents
- Traveling to Greenland
- Visa and Legal Requirements
- Culture and Lifestyle
- Work Opportunities
- Cost of Living
- Where to Stay
- Health and Safety
- Local Laws and Customs
Traveling to Greenland
Greenland is accessible primarily by air and sea, with no road or railway connections to other countries. The main international airports are Nuuk Airport (GOH) and Kangerlussuaq Airport (SFJ). Flights to Greenland are operated by Air Greenland and Icelandair, with connections from Copenhagen, Denmark, and Reykjavik, Iceland.
Sea travel is available during the summer months via cruise ships and ferries. The coastal ferry service operated by Arctic Umiaq Line connects various towns along the west coast of Greenland, providing scenic voyages through the fjords.
Due to the lack of road infrastructure between towns, domestic travel within Greenland is conducted by air or sea. Helicopters and small aircraft operated by Air Greenland are common means of transportation to reach remote settlements.
Visa and Legal Requirements
Greenland is part of the Kingdom of Denmark but is not a member of the European Union (EU) or the Schengen Area. However, the Danish Immigration laws apply to Greenland with some variations.
Citizens of Nordic countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland) can travel to Greenland without a visa. EU/EEA citizens can enter Greenland visa-free for short stays up to 90 days. For non-EU citizens, visa requirements are similar to those for Denmark, but a specific visa valid for Greenland is required.
Visitors from countries requiring a visa must apply for a Schengen visa with the addition of a “Valid for Greenland” stamp. It’s important to specify that the visa is for Greenland when applying at a Danish embassy or consulate.
Travelers should ensure their passports are valid for at least three months beyond their intended departure date from Greenland. For stays longer than 90 days, a residence permit is required. Information on visa applications can be found on the Danish Immigration Service website.
Residence and Work Permits
Non-Nordic citizens wishing to work in Greenland must obtain a residence and work permit before arrival. Applications are processed by the Danish Immigration Service in cooperation with Greenlandic authorities.
Culture and Lifestyle in Greenland
Greenland’s culture is a rich tapestry woven from Inuit traditions and Scandinavian influences. The Inuit heritage is deeply rooted in the people’s connection to the land and sea, reflected in their art, music, and community practices. Respect for nature and a strong sense of community are central to Greenlandic life.
Traditions and Celebrations
Greenland celebrates several traditional festivals that highlight its unique culture:
- National Day (Ullortuneq): Celebrated on June 21, the longest day of the year, marking the summer solstice and Greenland’s self-government day. Festivities include flag hoisting, speeches, traditional dances, and community gatherings.
- Christmas and New Year: Due to the darkness of the polar night, Christmas is a significant celebration, with lanterns, star-shaped lamps, and community events bringing light and warmth.
- Kaamos: The polar night period is observed with cultural events and storytelling, emphasizing the importance of community during the long dark months.
Greenlandic Food
Greenlandic cuisine is based on the resources available in the Arctic environment, emphasizing seafood and game meats:
- Kalaallit Kaagiat: Traditional Greenlandic cake often served with coffee during social gatherings.
- Suaasat: A hearty soup made from seal, whale, reindeer, or seabirds, with rice or barley and onions.
- Mattak: Raw whale skin with a thin layer of blubber, considered a delicacy.
- Ammassat: Small fish similar to capelin, eaten dried or smoked.
Dining is a communal affair, often involving sharing dishes and stories, reflecting the tight-knit nature of Greenlandic communities.
Greenlandic Music
Music in Greenland is a blend of traditional Inuit songs and modern influences. Drum dances, known as “Qaannaat,” are an essential part of cultural expression, involving storytelling through music and movement. Modern Greenlandic music incorporates rock, pop, and hip-hop, often performed in Greenlandic language.
Significant music venues and festivals include:
- Akki Concert Hall – Nuuk
- Nipiaa Rock Festival – Sisimiut
- Arctic Sounds Festival – Qaqortoq
Greenlandic Sports
Sports play a vital role in Greenlandic culture, with a focus on activities suited to the Arctic environment:
- Handball: The most popular team sport, with Greenland’s national team competing internationally.
- Football (Soccer): Widely played during the summer months, with local leagues and competitions.
- Winter Sports: Skiing, dog sled racing, and snowmobiling are common recreational activities.
Major sports facilities include the Nuuk Stadium and various community centers across the island.
Greenlandic Art
Art in Greenland is deeply connected to Inuit traditions, featuring carvings, sculptures, and drawings that depict daily life and mythology. Materials such as bone, stone, and tusks are commonly used.
Notable art institutions include the Nuuk Art Museum, showcasing both traditional and contemporary Greenlandic art, and the Katuaq Cultural Centre, which hosts exhibitions, performances, and cultural events.
Work Opportunities in Greenland
Greenland’s economy offers unique work opportunities, particularly for those interested in Arctic environments, resource management, and cultural exchange.
Top Industries
Key sectors driving Greenland’s economy include:
- Fishing and Seafood Processing: The backbone of Greenland’s economy, exporting products like shrimp and halibut.
- Mining: Exploration and extraction of minerals such as iron ore, uranium, and rare earth elements.
- Tourism: Growing industry focusing on adventure tourism, cruises, and ecotourism.
- Public Services: Education, healthcare, and administration roles within the government sector.
Remote Work
While internet infrastructure is developing, remote work is feasible in larger towns like Nuuk. Co-working spaces and reliable internet connections are available in urban centers:
- Sermersooq Business Council – Nuuk
- ITTUK Co-working Space – Sisimiut
These spaces support entrepreneurs, freelancers, and remote employees, fostering innovation and collaboration.
On-site Work for Travelers
Opportunities for temporary or seasonal work include:
- Tourism and Hospitality: Seasonal jobs as guides, hotel staff, or service personnel during peak tourist seasons.
- Education: Teaching positions for English or other languages, often requiring appropriate qualifications.
- Research and Environmental Science: Positions with universities or research institutions conducting Arctic studies.
These roles may offer unique experiences but often require planning and securing positions in advance due to limited availability.
Minimum Wage and Salaries
As of recent data, the minimum wage in Greenland is not officially mandated, but most employers adhere to agreements set by labor unions. The average monthly salary varies by industry but generally ranges from DKK 25,000 to DKK 40,000 before taxes.
Language Requirements
Greenlandic (Kalaallisut) is the official language, with Danish also widely used. In professional settings, especially in government and larger businesses, proficiency in Danish is often required. English is increasingly spoken, particularly in tourism and international business, but knowledge of Greenlandic and Danish significantly enhances employment prospects.
Cost of Living in Greenland
The cost of living in Greenland is relatively high compared to many countries, largely due to its remote location and reliance on imported goods.
According to recent estimates:
- Groceries: Prices for food and everyday items can be 20-50% higher than in Denmark.
- Housing: Rent for a one-bedroom apartment in Nuuk averages around DKK 8,000 to DKK 12,000 per month.
- Utilities: Heating and electricity costs are significant due to the Arctic climate, averaging DKK 1,500 to DKK 2,500 per month.
- Transportation: Limited public transportation; many residents walk, cycle, or use boats for local travel.
Overall, a single person may require around DKK 15,000 to DKK 20,000 per month to cover living expenses comfortably, excluding rent.
Where to Stay in Greenland
Nuuk: The capital and largest city, offering urban amenities, cultural attractions like the Katuaq Cultural Centre, and a variety of dining and shopping options.
Sisimiut: Known for outdoor activities like hiking, skiing, and dog sledding, it’s the second-largest town and a hub for adventure tourism.
Ilulissat: Famous for the Ilulissat Icefjord, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offering stunning views of icebergs and opportunities for boat tours and glacier hikes.
Qaqortoq: The largest town in Southern Greenland, known for its colorful houses, hot springs, and historical sites.
Accommodation Types
Hotels: Options range from luxury hotels like the Hotel Arctic in Ilulissat to more modest establishments throughout the island.
Guesthouses: Family-run guesthouses offer a cozy and authentic experience, often including meals and local insights.
Hostels: Budget-friendly accommodations like the Nuuk City Hostel provide basic amenities and communal spaces.
Airbnbs: Short-term rentals are available in larger towns, offering apartments or private rooms with local hosts.
Health and Safety
Greenland is generally a safe destination, but its harsh climate and remote locations require careful planning.
Travel Advisory and Areas to Avoid
There are no significant travel advisories for Greenland, but travelers should be cautious in extreme weather conditions and when venturing into remote areas without guides.
Healthcare System and Local Hospitals
Healthcare services are available in towns, with the primary hospital being Queen Ingrid’s Hospital in Nuuk. Clinics in smaller settlements offer basic care. Medical evacuation to Denmark may be necessary for serious conditions.
Health Precautions
- Vaccinations: Ensure standard vaccinations are up to date. No special vaccinations are required for Greenland.
- Travel Insurance: Comprehensive travel and medical insurance, including evacuation coverage, is strongly recommended.
- Climate Preparedness: Dress appropriately for cold temperatures and be aware of frostbite and hypothermia risks.
General Safety Tips
- Wildlife: Be cautious of polar bears in certain regions. Always follow local guidelines when in wilderness areas.
- Navigation: Weather can change rapidly. Use local guides for outdoor activities and inform someone of your plans.
- Personal Belongings: Crime rates are low, but basic precautions with valuables are advisable.
Emergency Numbers and Departments
- Police: 70 14 48
- Ambulance: 34 22 11
- Fire Department: 32 10 11
In case of emergencies, contact your country’s embassy or consulate in Denmark, as there are no foreign embassies in Greenland.
Local Laws and Customs
Understanding local regulations and cultural norms enhances your experience in Greenland.
Alcohol and Drugs
Alcohol: Legal drinking age is 18. Alcohol is available but regulated, with higher prices due to taxes. Public intoxication is discouraged.
Drugs: Illegal substances are prohibited, and possession or trafficking can result in severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment.
Driving
Driving is limited to within towns, as there are no roads connecting settlements. International driving permits are accepted, but most travel between towns is by boat, air, or snowmobile.
LGBTQ Rights
Greenland is progressive regarding LGBTQ rights. Same-sex marriage has been legal since 2016, and discrimination based on sexual orientation is prohibited.
Personal Conduct
Dress Code: Casual dress is acceptable. Warm, practical clothing is essential due to the climate.
Public Behavior: Greenlanders are generally reserved but friendly. Respect for personal space and privacy is appreciated.
Respect for Local Culture
Language: Learning basic phrases in Greenlandic or Danish is appreciated but not expected.
Photography: Ask permission before photographing individuals or private property.
Local Laws for Working Travelers
Work Permits: Required for non-Nordic citizens. Unauthorized employment can lead to legal consequences.
Environmental Regulations: Strict laws protect the environment. Littering and disturbing wildlife habitats are offenses.
Constitution
Greenland operates under the framework of the Kingdom of Denmark but has extensive self-government as per the Self-Government Act of 2009. This grants Greenland autonomy in areas like education, health, and resource management, while Denmark oversees foreign affairs and defense.