Botswana

Whether you’re from a country that requires a visa, or you plan on staying for a while, you can apply online by submitting the necessary documents, such as a certified copy of your passport, a recent passport-sized photo, and details of your travel itinerary. It’s recommended to apply at least a few weeks before your trip to allow for processing time.

Types of Visas in Botswana

Botswana’s visa types include:

Botswana may be known for its breathtaking safaris and wide-open landscapes, but its culture and lifestyle are just as rich and vibrant. The people of Botswana have a unique way of living that blends old customs with a growing modern identity. Here’s a peek into what makes life in Botswana so special.

Traditions and Celebrations

In Botswana, tradition runs deep. Respect for elders, strong family ties, and community gatherings are all part of daily life. One of the most important cultural practices is the kgotla system, a traditional meeting place where community members gather to discuss local matters. It’s a powerful symbol of democracy and respect, and it’s still widely used today.

As for celebrations, Botswana is home to several lively festivals. One standout is the President’s Day celebrations in July, where people gather across the country to enjoy traditional dances, parades, and sports competitions. The Dithubaruba Cultural Festival is another big one; it brings together dance troupes, poets, and artisans to honor the culture of the Bakwena people. Expect colorful outfits, joyful singing, and plenty of storytelling.

Botswanan Food

Botswana’s cuisine is all about hearty, simple, and satisfying meals. Seswaa is the national dish—slow-cooked, shredded beef usually served with thick maize porridge (called pap) and a side of vegetables. It’s comfort food at its finest.

You’ll also find local favorites like morogo (wild spinach), vetkoek (fried dough bread), and bojalwa (a traditional homemade beer). Meals are often shared with family or neighbors, and food plays a central role in celebrations and daily bonding.

Botswanan Music

Music in Botswana is a mix of traditional rhythms and modern sounds. Traditional music is deeply tied to dance and often features drums, hand clapping, and call-and-response singing. Styles such as borankana, ndazola, and phathisi are performed during ceremonies and festivals, passed down through generations.

But Botswana’s music scene isn’t stuck in the past. The country has a buzzing contemporary scene, especially in genres such as kwaito, house, and hip hop. Artists like Vee Mampeezy and Charma Gal are household names who blend local flavor with global beats.

Botswanan Sports

Sports are a major part of life in Botswana, especially football (soccer). You’ll find kids kicking balls around in fields and fans crowding around TVs to watch local matches or international games. The national team, known as the Zebras, has a loyal following.

Other popular sports include athletics, netball, and cricket. In rural areas, traditional games such as mhele (a type of board game) and stick fighting are still played, especially during festivals.

Botswanan Art

Botswana’s art scene reflects its cultural roots and evolving identity. Traditional crafts such as basket weaving, pottery, and beadwork are still very much alive, especially among women in rural communities. The baskets from the Okavango Delta region, for example, are known for their intricate patterns and natural dyes.

In Gaborone, younger artists are experimenting with painting, sculpture, and digital media. Galleries and cultural centers are popping up to support creative talent and showcase a new wave of Botswanan expression.

In 2024, Botswana’s economy slowed significantly, with GDP growth dropping to around 1% due to a steep decline in diamond sales. Uncut diamond exports fell by over 49% in the first half of the year, dragging down government revenue and widening the fiscal deficit to 3.2% of GDP.

Inflation eased to 3.3%, thanks to tighter monetary policy and lower fuel prices, but unemployment remained high at over 27%. Despite these challenges, the economy is expected to rebound in 2025 with 4% growth, driven by a recovery in diamond production and efforts to diversify beyond mining.

Top Companies in Botswana

Here are five of the top companies driving Botswana’s economy across mining, finance, and retail sectors:

• Debswana Diamond Company: A joint venture between the Government of Botswana and De Beers, Debswana is the world’s leading producer of diamonds by value, operating major mines like Jwaneng and Orapa.
• Botswana Insurance Holdings Limited (BIHL): A major financial services group listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange, BIHL offers insurance, retirement, and investment products across the country.
• Absa Bank Botswana: Formerly Barclays Bank Botswana, Absa is one of the country’s largest banks, offering a full range of banking services to individuals and businesses.
• Sefalana Holding Company Limited: A diversified conglomerate active in wholesale, retail, and manufacturing, Sefalana reported record revenue of P5.4 billion in late 2024.
• Sefalana Holding Company Limited: A diversified conglomerate active in wholesale, retail, and manufacturing, Sefalana reported record revenue of P5.4 billion in late 2024.

Cost of Living in Botswana

The cost of living in Botswana is generally moderate, with monthly expenses for a family of four averaging around 26,150 Pula (about $1,858 USD) and about 7,500 Pula ($534 USD) for a single person, excluding rent. Rent for a one-bedroom apartment ranges from 2,000 to 3,200 Pula depending on location, while basic utilities cost around 785 Pula per month.

Internet service averages 756 Pula monthly, and everyday groceries like bread, milk, and eggs are reasonably priced. Dining out is affordable, with a basic meal costing about 100 Pula and a three-course meal for two around 300 Pula.

Public transportation is also cheap, with one-way tickets at 7 Pula and a monthly pass around 400 Pula. While local goods are affordable, imported items can be pricier due to taxes and transport costs.

Accommodations

For short stays, most towns have a solid range of hotels, lodges, and guesthouses. In bigger cities, you’ll find international hotel chains alongside cozy boutique spots. If you’re headed into safari territory (like near the Okavango Delta or Chobe), lodges and tented camps are the way to go. Just be sure to book in advance during peak travel seasons, as those places fill up fast.

If you’re staying a bit longer or just want a more homey setup, short-term apartments or Airbnb-style rentals are becoming more popular, especially in Gaborone and Francistown. These can be a great option if you want your own kitchen or a little more space to settle in. Prices range depending on location and amenities, but you can usually find something clean and comfortable without breaking the bank.

Looking for something more permanent? There are lots of rental options, including standalone houses and apartments in secure complexes. Gaborone, Palapye, and Francistown tend to have the most variety. You can find listings online, but honestly, a lot of the best places are found through word of mouth or local Facebook groups. Rent can vary a lot, so it helps to get a feel for the neighborhoods. If you’re working or studying in Botswana, some companies or universities even help arrange accommodation, so that’s worth asking about.

One last tip: Botswana is generally pretty safe, but like anywhere, make sure to check the neighborhood, look at the lease terms closely, and if possible, view the place in person before committing.

The U.S. Department of State currently assigns Botswana a Level 1 travel advisory, which means you should simply exercise normal safety precautions. In general, Botswana is considered one of the safest countries in Africa for travelers. Violent crime is rare, especially when compared to regional averages, and locals are known for being friendly and welcoming.

That said, petty theft and pickpocketing can happen in busy public areas, especially in transport hubs and markets. It’s a good idea to keep your valuables secure, avoid flashing expensive items, and be aware of your surroundings, especially at night.

While most areas of Botswana are safe, there are a few spots where you’ll want to be more cautious, particularly after dark:

• Old Naledi, Gaborone – A densely populated area where occasional petty crime and opportunistic thefts have been reported.
• White City, Francistown – Some visitors report feeling less secure at night here; best to avoid walking alone.
• Parts of Maun outskirts – While Maun is generally safe, late-night walks in poorly lit or isolated areas aren’t recommended.
• Border areas at night – Be cautious when traveling near remote border posts after dark.

Emergency Numbers

In Botswana, the national emergency number is 999, which connects you to police, fire, or medical emergency services. It’s toll-free from any phone. Here are a few other useful contacts:

• Police: 999
• Ambulance/Medical Emergencies: 997
• Fire Services: 998
• Private Ambulance (MedRescue): +267 390 1601
• Tourism Support (Botswana Tourism Organisation): +267 391 3111

Healthcare System and Hospitals

Botswana has a mix of public and private healthcare services. While public hospitals offer essential care throughout the country, most travelers and expats opt for private clinics, especially in cities like Gaborone and Francistown, where service is generally faster and more specialized.

Some key hospitals and medical centers include:

• Princess Marina Hospital – Gaborone (Public)
• Bokamoso Private Hospital – Gaborone (Private)
• Riverside Hospital – Francistown (Private)
• Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital – Maun (Public)
• Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital – Francistown (Public)

Health Precautions

Botswana is a relatively healthy travel destination, but there are a few things to keep in mind:

The sun can be intense, especially in the dry season—so pack sunscreen, stay hydrated, and avoid extended exposure during peak afternoon heat. Insect repellent and protective clothing to avoid tick or mosquito bites. Finally, consider travel insurance that covers medical care, as private clinics may charge for services upfront.

Routine vaccines like measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, and diphtheria should be up to date.

Hepatitis A and B vaccinations are recommended, especially if you’re staying longer or planning to eat street food or visit rural areas.

Malaria is present in northern Botswana, including the Okavango Delta and Chobe regions, especially during the rainy season (November–April). Consult your doctor about prophylactics before traveling there.

Tap water is generally safe to drink in urban areas, but bottled water is recommended in rural regions.

To make the most of your time in Botswana—and to show respect for the country and its people—it helps to understand a few local customs, laws, and social norms. Botswana is a stable democracy, known for its warm hospitality, peaceful society, and strong sense of national pride. Visitors are genuinely welcomed, especially when they show a bit of cultural awareness and consideration.

Drinking Age

Planning to unwind with a St. Louis lager or a glass of wine? Keep in mind that the legal drinking age in Botswana is 18. It’s illegal for anyone under 18 to buy or drink alcohol in public, and bars or shops that break this rule can face serious penalties. Public drunkenness is also frowned upon and can result in fines or even arrest, especially if it disturbs the peace.

Driving Laws

Driving in Botswana is generally smooth, especially on major roads, but there are a few important rules to keep in mind:

• Drive on the left side of the road.
• Seatbelts are mandatory for everyone in the vehicle.
• Use of mobile phones while driving is only allowed if it’s completely hands-free.
• The legal blood alcohol limit is 0.08%—but given the risks (and wildlife that can unexpectedly cross roads), it’s safest not to drink at all if you’re behind the wheel.
• Watch out for livestock and wild animals, especially at night and on rural roads.

Roadblocks are common and often used for routine checks, so always carry your driver’s license, vehicle registration, and insurance papers.

Drug Policy

Botswana has a strict zero-tolerance policy on drugs. Possession, use, or trafficking of illegal substances (even small amounts) can result in harsh penalties, including jail time and large fines. Unlike some countries that are softening their stance on recreational drugs, Botswana enforces its laws firmly. If you’re on prescription medication, bring it in its original packaging along with a doctor’s note.

Dress Code

In most urban areas, Botswana is relaxed about clothing, especially among younger people and in cosmopolitan places like Gaborone. However, modesty is still respected, especially in rural villages and during formal or religious events. When visiting churches, mosques, or traditional ceremonies, it’s best to cover shoulders and knees. Swimwear should be reserved for the pool or beach, not for walking around in town.

LGBTQ+ Rights

Botswana has made major progress in LGBTQ+ rights. In 2019, the High Court decriminalized same-sex relationships, marking a big step forward for inclusivity. While urban areas like Gaborone are becoming more open and accepting, it’s worth noting that traditional values still hold strong in many parts of the country. Displays of affection are generally kept private.

Religious Rights

Freedom of religion is constitutionally protected, and Botswana is a religiously tolerant country. While the majority of the population identifies as Christian, you’ll also find Muslims, Hindus, Baháʼís, and people of traditional African faiths. You are free to practice any religion (or none at all) without fear of discrimination. Religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter are celebrated nationally, while other faiths also observe their own festivals peacefully.

Constitutional Protections

Botswana’s Constitution guarantees freedom of speech, assembly, religion, and non-discrimination. The country takes human rights and democratic values seriously, and citizens actively engage in civil society and political discourse. As a visitor, you’re expected to respect local laws and customs, but you can also expect to be treated with fairness and dignity.

General Etiquette

Botswana’s people are famously polite, welcoming, and respectful. A warm “Dumelang” (hello) is the perfect way to greet someone, and a firm handshake (often with both hands) is a common sign of friendliness and respect. Titles matter too: use “Rra” (Mr.) or “Mma” (Mrs./Ms.) followed by the person’s last name if you’re meeting someone for the first time.

Hospitality is deeply valued, and if you’re invited into someone’s home, it’s polite to accept food or drink, even if it’s just a small taste. Punctuality is appreciated in formal settings, though things can move a bit more slowly in social situations, what locals might refer to as “Africa time.”